Rhinitis is a common condition with symptoms that include sneezing, nose itching and a runny or stuffy nose. It can be seasonal (caused by hay fever) or persistent and chronic (caused by allergies to house dust mites, animal danders, molds or trees). It is usually not a serious health problem but is associated with significant discomfort and loss of quality of life. It can also lead to sleep disturbance and poor concentration. There are several ways to treat rhinitis, including antihistamines and nasal sprays. Some people with allergic rhinitis may benefit from immunotherapy, a treatment that can reduce the severity of symptoms over time.비염후비루치료
Allergic rhinitis is caused by an over-reaction of the immune system. It is thought that exposure to a particular allergen triggers the production of antibodies, called Immunoglobulin E (IgE). These IgE antibodies then trigger the release of chemicals by cells in the nose and eyes that cause symptoms of rhinitis. These chemicals are released when the allergen is inhaled or touched, but they can also be triggered by certain medications or even foods.
If your rhinitis is caused by allergies, the good news is that there are many ways to reduce your symptoms. Your GP can recommend some simple steps such as avoiding allergens, using an over-the-counter saline rinse to wash out your nose and taking an antihistamine tablet or nasal spray. Antihistamines are most effective when taken regularly, at the time of symptom onset. The newer second generation antihistamines (e.g. desloratadine [Aerius], fexofenadine [Allergra], loratadine [Claritin]) are more effective than older (first generation) sedating antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine maleate [Dimetane] and chlorpheniramine maleate [Chlor-Tripolon].
Nasal steroid sprays are often recommended to control allergy rhinitis symptoms. These can be used on their own or in combination with an antihistamine. A number of nasal steroid sprays are available over-the-counter, but the most effective is fluticasone propionate (Flonase Allergy Relief). A combination nasal spray containing azelastine and fluticasone is also available (Dymista). The anticholinergic sodium cromoglycate (Cromolyn) has been shown to be effective in the management of some patients with severe allergic rhinitis. The anti-IgE antibody omalizumab (Xolair) is another option that has been shown to be effective in some patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma, but this is an expensive therapy.
It is important to remember that rhinitis can be caused by irritants as well as allergens. The symptoms are very similar and it is not always possible to tell if you have non-allergic rhinitis versus allergic rhinitis. The best way to diagnose rhinitis is to see your GP, who will consider your history and examine your nose and face. Your GP can then refer you to a clinical immunology/allergy specialist for further tests and treatment, if needed.라경찬한의원